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EnquBio's Comprehensive Drug Discovery Solutions & Services

At EnquBio, our expert team delivers high quality, efficient, and dependable R&D solutions that enable pharmaceutical and biotech partners to advance and expand their drug development pipelines.

Immunophenotyping & Cellular Biomarkers

High-dimensional cellular profiling for immune phenotypes, activation states, signaling responses and pharmacodynamic biomarkers.

EnquBio is a San Diego-based flow cytometry CRO providing multicolor and spectral flow cytometry services for immune phenotyping, activation and differentiation markers, intracellular signaling, receptor occupancy and cellular pharmacodynamic readouts. We analyze whole blood, PBMCs, tissue-derived single-cell suspensions and cultured cells, with custom panels designed for human, mouse and non-human primate studies.

High-dimensional immunophenotyping and cellular biomarker analysis

What We Can Measure

From cell identity to functional state, signaling and treatment response.

Phenotype

Immune Cell Profiling

Define lymphoid, myeloid and other cellular populations using customized multicolor panels.

Activation

Activation & Differentiation

Measure activation, exhaustion, differentiation and maturation markers across treatment conditions.

Signaling

Intracellular Signaling

Assess phosphoprotein and pathway responses using intracellular flow-based readouts.

Target

Target Expression

Quantify cell-surface or intracellular target expression across defined cell populations.

Binding

Receptor Occupancy & Binding

Evaluate target engagement, receptor occupancy and ligand or antibody binding where assay design permits.

Function

Cellular Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers

Connect treatment to changes in phenotype, signaling, proliferation, viability or functional state.

High-Dimensional Flow Cytometry

Flexible panel design for complex immune and cellular biomarker studies.

Spectral & Multicolor Flow

Resolve complex cellular populations with fit-for-purpose panels

EnquBio supports high-dimensional immunophenotyping using spectral and multicolor flow cytometry. Panels are designed around the biology of the study rather than a fixed marker list, enabling simultaneous assessment of lineage, activation, differentiation, signaling and pharmacodynamic biomarkers.

Assays can be developed for human, mouse and non-human primate samples depending on reagent availability and study requirements.

Custom Panel DesignMarker selection, fluorophore assignment and panel optimization around the study question.
Spectral Flow CytometryHigh-dimensional analysis for complex immune phenotyping and rare-population characterization.
Intracellular StainingTranscription factors, cytokines and phosphoprotein signaling readouts.
Cell SortingIsolation of defined populations for downstream functional or molecular analysis when required.

From Biological Question to Optimized Panel

A strong flow assay starts with the biology, not the number of colors.

Define Cell Populations
Select Biomarkers
Design & Optimize Panel
Acquire & QC Data
Interpret Cellular Response
Panel complexity is matched to the study objective, expected population frequency, sample quality and available cell number. Where appropriate, biomarker panels can be integrated with functional assays, cytokine analysis or molecular readouts.

Applications

Cellular biomarker analysis across discovery, ex vivo, in vivo and translational studies.

Immuno-Oncology

Profile tumor- and treatment-associated changes in T cells, NK cells, myeloid populations and other immune subsets.

Autoimmune & Inflammatory Disease

Characterize disease-relevant immune populations, activation states and treatment responses.

Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers

Measure cell-specific changes across dose, time and treatment conditions.

Mechanism of Action

Connect compound activity to changes in cellular phenotype, target expression and signaling.

Humanized In Vivo Models

Evaluate peripheral and tissue immune-cell responses as downstream biomarker endpoints.

Ex Vivo Pharmacology

Combine compound treatment with immune-cell phenotyping and functional response analysis.

Representative Cellular Readouts

Examples of the questions flow cytometry can address within a biomarker program.

Biological QuestionRepresentative Readout
Which immune populations change after treatment?Population frequency and absolute/relative abundance
Are cells activated or differentiated?Activation, differentiation, maturation and exhaustion markers
Is the target expressed on the relevant cell type?Cell-specific target expression and signal intensity
Does treatment modulate intracellular signaling?Phosphoprotein or intracellular pathway readouts
Does the therapeutic bind its intended cellular target?Binding / receptor occupancy / target-engagement assay
Does phenotype correlate with pharmacology?Integrated cellular PD biomarker analysis across dose and time

Sample Types

Assay design accounts for cell number, viability, sample handling and expected biomarker abundance.

Whole Blood
PBMCs
Purified Immune Cells
Cultured Cells
Tumor / Tissue Samples
Preclinical Species Samples

How We Design a Flow Cytometry Study

Scientific intent drives panel design, assay optimization and data interpretation.

01

Define the Biology

Identify relevant populations, pathways and treatment-response questions.

02

Design the Panel

Select markers, controls and assay conditions around sample and platform constraints.

03

Run & QC

Acquire data with appropriate compensation/unmixing, controls and quality assessment.

04

Analyze & Interpret

Connect cell-specific biomarker changes with treatment, dose, time and pharmacology.

Frequently Asked Questions

What sample types can be analyzed by flow cytometry?
Whole blood, PBMCs, bone marrow, tissue-derived single-cell suspensions (including tumor) and cultured cells. Our workflow covers tissue dissociation, cell isolation, staining, acquisition and analysis.

Can EnquBio design a custom flow cytometry panel for my study?
Yes. Panels are designed around your biology, species and study objectives — from lineage identification to activation, exhaustion, intracellular cytokine and proliferation readouts — and run with consistent gating so results are comparable across time points and treatment groups.

What is the advantage of spectral flow cytometry?
Spectral analysis captures the full emission spectrum of each fluorochrome, enabling larger panels and better separation of closely overlapping markers than conventional compensation-based cytometry — more parameters from the same limited sample.

Can receptor occupancy be measured?
Yes. Receptor occupancy and target-binding assays can be developed to support dose selection and pharmacodynamic assessment for antibody and other biologic programs.

Which species are supported?
Human, mouse and non-human primate samples are routinely analyzed, supporting preclinical and translational study designs.

Have a cell population or biomarker question?

Send us your species, sample type, markers and study objective. Our scientists can help design a fit-for-purpose flow cytometry strategy.

Contact Our Scientists →
High-dimensional spectral and multicolor flow cytometry
Custom immunophenotyping and cellular biomarker panels
Integrated with ex vivo, in vivo and translational studies